One of the major limitations to I2C is the inherent address conflicts when you try to bus multiple sensors of the same type/family together. While all sensors have a default address, some give an option for a secondary, and fewer give tertiary addresses or beyond. Since most systems only have one I2C bus, you are limited in how many of those sensors are used.
The 9548 family of modules solves this problem: they are multiplexer.
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